Archeology

Perspective methods/systems are commonly used in the field of Archaeology, and it is interesting to detail some of these here.


Aerial views are a perspective image/view captured from, or represented as being taken from, an elevated height such as from a machine in flight, a balloon, a satellite camera, or from a mountain top, etc. 

Aerial View Technologies & Uses 

  • Google Earth/Maps: Offers 3-D, satellite, and immersive Aerial View videos. 
  • Historic Aerial Photography: Resources like Historic England provide thousands of digitised photos to explore landscape changes. 
  • Applications: used in archaeology, town planning, environmental studies, and legal disputes. 
  • Types: Includes orthophotos, obliques, and 3-D maps. 

Aerial surveys involve collecting high-resolution geospatial, topographic, or imaging data of land, structures, or environments from above using drones (UAVs), planes, or helicopters. They are essential for rapid, cost-effective, and safe data acquisition in construction, agriculture, archaeology, and environmental monitoring.

Aerial surveys often use pre-programmed flight paths, with data processed by software to create highly detailed maps and 3-D models, sometimes replacing traditional manual “stereo mapping”. 


Methods & Technology: Utilises drones, aircraft, and sensors like Lidar, multispectral cameras, and thermal imaging to capture data. 

Applications

  • Construction & Infrastructure: Monitoring project progress, inspecting, and mapping large, inaccessible areas.
  • Environmental & Agriculture: Assessing crop health, environmental impact, and wildlife/marine mammal monitoring.
  • Archaeology & Heritage: Recording sites, Earthworks, and monuments. 

Advantages: Provides a rapid, comprehensive overview, reduces or eliminates the need for personnel to work at height, and offers superior accuracy. 

Data Outputs: Produces detailed 3-D models, digital surface models, orthomosaic maps, and aerial photographs.


A photogrammetric imaging system uses photographs to create 3-D models of objects, environments, or people. It’s a non-contact method that uses overlapping images to derive precise measurements. 

How it works 

  1. Place or use reference points on the spatial object/scene being measured. These points can be coded or uncoded. 
  2. Take overlapping photos of the object from different angles. 
  3. Use software to process the images and generate a 3-D model. The software considers factors like camera position, lens distortion, and object coordinates. 
  4. The software generates a 3-D point cloud, which can be used for analysis.

Applications

  • Industrial quality assurance: Photogrammetry can be used to inspect components and ensure quality.
  • Environmental monitoring: Photogrammetry can be used to create accurate maps of underwater areas, which can help with ocean environmental monitoring, marine archaeology, and more.
  • Smart manufacturing: Photogrammetry can be used to automate the inspection of parts and accelerate innovation. 


Explore Applications

Main Applications routes:
Applications of Perspective · Spatial Themes · Instruments of Perspective · Applications by Discipline · Perspective Studies Today

Major discipline hubs:
Art and Perspective · Architecture and the Built Environment · Photography · Cinema, Television and Visual Effects · Computer Graphics, Games and Extended Reality · Cartography, GIS and Spatial Mapping · Science, Engineering and Technical Imaging · Medical Imaging · Perspective in Professional Practice