Perspective Research Centre
PERSPECTIVE RESEARCH CENTRE
RESEARCH · LIBRARY · KNOWLEDGE · PUBLISHING · TEACHING
Exploring the visual dimensions of
art, science and technology.
Welcome to the

Perspective
Research Centre

The World’s Premier Institute for the Study of Perspective

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Perspective study — geometry, vision and spatial representation
Perspective architecture

Perspective

Discover what perspective is—its history, principles, phenomena and applications.

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Leonardo study

Research

Research programmes in perspective and the work of Kim H. Veltman.

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Historic books

Library & Archives

A 5,000-book specialist library, including the rare 700-volume Leonardo da Vinci Library.

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Digital research systems

Knowledge Systems

Digital tools for research: UKS, Dictionary, Bibliography, Encyclopaedia and more.

Digital Systems →
The Art and Science of Perspective

Publications

Books and major research publications by Alan S. Radley and Kim H. Veltman.

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Drawing and study

Learn

Tutorials, guides and learning resources for students, educators and professionals.

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Explore Perspective Visually

Navigation Map of Perspective Categories

Perspective Category Theory provides
a systematic framework for organising
the many kinds and relationships
of perspective. It distinguishes
seven analytical levels—Category,
Class, Type, Form, Phenomenon,
Function and Product.

Our Perspective Category Theory
identifies, relates and compares
perspectives across art, science
and technology, classifying c. 1,200
named types and forms.

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Who This Site Is For

For anyone seeking to understand, teach, research or apply perspective — from students and educators to artists, architects, designers, photographers, filmmakers and scientists, practitioners and researchers in related fields.

What Is Perspective?

Perspective concerns how objects, spaces, views and images are seen, formed, measured and represented. It extends far beyond linear perspective drawing, connecting art, optics, geometry, imaging, computer graphics and visual perception. Perspective underpins art, science and technology.

About the Perspective Research Centre

The Perspective Research Centre (PRC) unifies knowledge of perspective across art, optics, geometry, architecture, photography, film, computer graphics, virtual reality and artificial intelligence within a single interdisciplinary resource.

For centuries, perspective has occupied a central place in human knowledge, yet its principles, terminology, types and phenomena remain scattered across disciplines, while important relationships remain poorly documented or incompletely understood. PRC brings this knowledge together by resolving conflicting terminology, correcting errors and misconceptions, and organising the field through its Perspective Category Theory. Establishing perspective as a distinct field.

PRC brings together original research, major physical and digital collections, and innovative knowledge systems including the Universal Knowledge System (UKS), making specialist material easier to explore, search and compare. PRC also holds a rare 700-volume Leonardo da Vinci Library, including seventeenth-century works and one-of-a-kind manuscript volumes on Leonardo by Kim H. Veltman.

Dr Alan Stuart Radley FRSA — Founder and Research Director of the PRC — preserves and develops this scholarly archive and research legacy.

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Leonardo da Vinci, Salvator Mundi

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) expanded perspective beyond drawing into a study of vision and spatial representation, connecting optics, geometry, light and visual perception with how spatial reality becomes visual appearance.

Questions & Answers

Investigate focused questions about perspective, its concepts, history, methods and spatial representation.

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Perspective Images & Views

Explore perspective through visual examples, diagrams, constructions and image collections.

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Four decades of international research across more than 180 libraries and major historical collections.
PRC Research Programme

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Featured Research Projects

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Leonardo study

Leonardo da Vinci Studies

Kim H. Veltman’s multi-decade research on Leonardo’s perspective, optics, vision and astronomy, including extensive unpublished manuscripts.

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Alphabets of Life

Alphabets of Life

A major interdisciplinary project exploring alphabets, signs, symbols, knowledge systems and the structures of cultural information.

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New Models of Culture diagram

New Models of Culture

Research on culture, information and knowledge systems within Kim H. Veltman’s wider intellectual programme.

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Recent Research & Updates

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Dictionary of Perspective cover
24 September 2026
Dictionary of Perspective

The Dictionary of Perspective is a comprehensive encyclopaedic reference and theoretical map of the field, defining more than 4,000 terms and approximately 1,200 types and forms.

Leonardo archive
23 September 2026
Leonardo project structure reconstructed

New archival scans clarify how Veltman’s Leonardo studies changed from one large optics project into multiple substantive volumes.

Digital Library
23 September 2026
Digital Reader and UKS development

Reader interaction, Digital Library search and multi-context research continue to be integrated across PRC.

The Art and Science of Perspective

The Art and Science of Perspective is a major multi-volume series that traces, re-examines and extends the field of visual and optical perspective from antiquity to the digital age. For centuries, perspective occupied a central position in the Western academic tradition as both an art of representation and a science concerned with vision, light, space and the transmission of visual information. The series examines how perspective shapes human vision, spatial understanding, image-making and the representation of reality across art, optics, geometry, architecture, photography, cinema, cartography, scientific imaging and many other fields.

Perspective is far more than a method for drawing receding lines. The series examines both natural perspective—how spatial reality appears to vision—and artificial perspective—how that reality is captured, projected, constructed, transformed and reproduced through images, instruments and media. Its scope extends from painting, architecture and photography to computer graphics, virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence, robotic vision, GIS, photogrammetry, medical imaging, holography, virtual production and other contemporary technologies in which relationships between the observer, object, image and space remain fundamental.

Together, the volumes provide a new interdisciplinary framework for understanding what perspective is, how it operates and why it matters. Perspective Category Theory organises the field systematically across categories, classes, types, forms, phenomena, functions and products, while the Dictionary of Perspective documents more than 4,000 terms and approximately 1,200 types and forms. The series brings together historical terminology, theories, methods, systems, instruments, visual phenomena and applications, resolves conflicting meanings and misconceptions, and develops more than 200 concepts, classifications and distinctions originated, refined or newly formalised by Alan Stuart Radley.

Volume 1

The Past, Present and Future of Visual and Optical Perspective

Second Edition

A wide-ranging introduction to the history, theory, applications and future possibilities of visual and optical perspective.

270 pages
Large-format 8.5 × 11-inch paperback
US$27.99
Volume 2

Dictionary of Perspective

Second Edition

The first comprehensive dictionary and taxonomy devoted specifically to visual and optical perspective.

More than 4,000 terms
Approximately 1,200 types and forms
More than 350,000 words
590 pages
Large-format 8.5 × 11-inch paperback
US$34.99
Volume 3

Natural and Visual Perspective

Forthcoming First Edition

A new account of how spatial reality gives rise to natural appearance—and how natural appearance becomes human visual experience.

Approximately 350 pages
Large-format 8.5 × 11-inch paperback
Expected Price: US$27.99
Amazon Listing Coming Soon Free Sample Coming Soon

Featured Perspective Researchers

Selected external resources and the work of perspective researchers.

ESTABLISHING PERSPECTIVE AS A DISTINCT FIELD — CONNECTED, NAVIGABLE AND DISCOVERABLE
ArtArt
ScienceScience
TechnologyTechnology
ArchitectureArchitecture
Visual CultureVisual Culture
KnowledgeKnowledge
SocietySociety
The Ultimate Resource on Perspective Explore a 40-year archive dedicated to the art and science of perspective—more than 5 million words across articles, books, databases, digital libraries and a 330,000-word Dictionary of Perspective. Discover principles, theories, methods, definitions and new ways of understanding the field. Enjoy the journey!