Perspective has been developed, studied and applied through a wide range of instruments used to view, capture, copy, project, measure, model and represent spatial reality.
These instruments range from historical optical and geometrical devices to modern imaging, display and virtual-reality technologies.
Use the sections below to explore the principal groups.
Displays
2-D Displays
3-D Displays
Optical and Demonstration Instruments
Ames Room
Camera Obscura
Kaleidoscope
Stereoscope
Projection Mapping
Image Capturing
Camera
Lens
Telescope
Mirror
Image Copying
Camera Lucida
Pantograph
Perspective Box
Perspective Window
Image Projection
Andotrope
Kinetoscope
Magic Lantern
Projector (Digital)
Projector (Film)
Zoetrope
Mapping
Geo-Maps
Star Map / Chart
Terrestrial Globe
Mathematical Instruments — Calculating
Flight Slide Rule
Nautical Slide Rule
Slide Rule
Mathematical Instruments — Measuring
Caliper, Ruler, Set-Square
Clocks, Sundial
Compass (Reduction)
Compass (Sector or Proportional)
Compass (Trigonometry)
Dial, Gauge
Gnomon, Plumb-Line
Protractor, Quadrant
Sextant / Octant
Modelling
Astrolabe
Armillary Sphere
Celestial Globe
Planetarium
Planisphere
Orary
Topography
Theodolite
Viewing
Binoculars
Spectacles
Virtual Reality — Headsets / Environments