Vanishing, Horizons & Directional Reference

Vanishing, Horizons & Directional Reference examines the directional geometry through which line and plane systems acquire vanishing relationships within perspective images and views.

The familiar Horizon Line and Vanishing Point are particular cases within a much wider system involving Directional Reference Lines, Directional Reference Planes and the orientation of spatial line and plane systems.

Vanishing

Directional Reference

Viewing Geometry

One-Point Perspective and Directional Reference

Explore Perspective

A master navigation index to the seven Theory hubs and their 145 linked concepts and pages.

1. Foundations of Perspective Theory →
Theory of Perspective → Functions of Perspective → Perspective Process → Perspective Principle → Perspective Method → Perspective Outcome → Goals of Perspective → Perspective System → Perspective Framework →
2. Perspective Category Theory & Classification →
Perspective Category Theory → Perspective Category → Perspective Class → Perspective Direction → Perspective Type → Perspective Form → Categorical Ambiguity → Category Chaining → Category Overloading → Class Chaining → Class Overloading → Combined Perspective → Composite Perspective → Mixed Perspective → Single Perspective → Double Perspective →
3. Perspective Types & Forms →
What is Perspective? → Types and Forms of Perspective → Types of Perspective → New Types of Perspective → Perspective → Visual Perspective (Type 1) → Optical Perspective → Technical Perspective → Natural Perspective → Visual Perspective (Type 2) → Graphical Perspective → Mathematical Perspective → Instrument Perspective → Simulated Perspective → New Media Perspective → Artificial Perspective → Central Perspective → Parallel Perspective → Spherical Perspective → Cylindrical Perspective → Anamorphic Perspective → Linear Perspective → Curvilinear Perspective → One-Point Perspective → Two-Point Linear Perspective → Three-Point Perspective → Multi-Point Perspective → Acuity Perspective → AI Perspective → Architectural Perspective → Atmospheric Perspective → Axonometric Perspective → Camera Perspective → Chiaroscuro Perspective → Colour Perspective → Computer Perspective → Digital Perspective → Forced Perspective → Accelerated Perspective → Manifold Perspective → Modular Perspective → Blended Perspective → Dimetric → Isometric → Negative Perspective → Oblique Perspective → Orthographic Perspective → Reverse Perspective → Trimetric → Synthetic Perspective →
4. Perspective Geometry & Projection →
Perspective Projection → Perspective Projection Mode → Perspective Transformation → Perspective Window → Primary and Secondary Geometry → Perspective Geometry → Projective Transformation → Projective Geometry → Descriptive Geometry → Synthetic Geometry → Picture Plane → Ground Plane → Station Point →
5. Vanishing, Horizons & Directional Reference →
Vanishing Point → Vanishing Line → Horizon Line → Directional Reference Line → Directional Reference Plane → Element of System → Line of Sight → Sphere of Revolution → Sphere of Vision → Viewing Direction → The Hidden Fallacies of One-Point Perspective → The Visual Element of the System and Directional Reference Line → Optical Versus Geometrical Vanishing →
6. Form, Space & Perspective Images →
Physical Form → Modelled Form → Apparent Form → Perspective of Form → Perspective of Forms → Classified Form → Physical and Modelled Form → Perspective and 3-D Space → 2D Perspective → 3D Perspective → Abstraction, Levels of → Perspective Image / View → Perspective Object / Scene → Perspective Space → Space (Topic) → Spatial Correspondence → Spatial Themes → Object Space → Image Space → Optical Image Chain → Linear Perspective Images → Mirror & Reflected Images →
7. Perspective Phenomena, Vision & Problems →
Axioms of Perspective → Scale-Shape-Size Problem → Shape-Sufficiency Problem → Depth Cues → Depth Perception → Equivalence Problem → Field of View → Foreshortening → Generators of the Third Dimension → Lateral Distortion → Lens Distortion → Optical Resolution → Vision, Expansion of → Visual Perception → Perspective Phenomena (Types 1,2,3) → Images of Illusion → Illusions → Immersions → Immersive Environments → Imagination → Perspective and Illusion → Perspective and Immersion →

Explore Theory

Explore the principal theories, classifications, types, forms, geometries, spatial concepts and visual phenomena of perspective.

Theory Hubs

Foundations of Perspective Theory · Perspective Category Theory & Classification · Perspective Types and Forms · Perspective Geometry & Projection · Vanishing, Horizons & Directional Reference · Form, Space & Perspective Images · Perspective Phenomena, Vision & Problems · Advanced & Additional Perspective Concepts

Foundations & Classification

Theory of Perspective · Functions of Perspective · Perspective Process · Perspective Principle · Perspective System · Perspective Category Theory · Perspective Category · Perspective Type · Categorical Ambiguity · Combined Perspective

Perspective Types & Forms

Types of Perspective · Central Perspective · Parallel Perspective · Linear Perspective · Curvilinear Perspective · Axonometric Perspective · Camera Perspective · Digital Perspective · Artificial Perspective · 360-Degree Perspective · Panoramic Perspective

Geometry, Vanishing & Spatial Reference

Perspective Projection · Perspective Geometry · Projective Transformation · Picture Plane · Station Point · Vanishing Point · Horizon Line · Viewpoint · Vanishing Structures · Optical Versus Geometrical Vanishing

Form, Space & Perspective Images

Perspective and 3-D Space · Object Space · Image Space · Perspective Image / View · Optical Image Chain · Linear Perspective Images · Perspective Product

Vision, Phenomena & Problems

Perspective Phenomena · Foreshortening · Depth Cues · Field of View · Binocular Vision · Scale–Shape–Size Problem · Equivalence / Correspondence Problem · Perspective and Illusion · Perspective and Spatial Immersion

Further reference:
Abridged Dictionary of Perspective · Perspective Research Centre